CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES November 23, 2008
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Students in English II classes, here are some suggestions about how to begin your search. Don’t hesitate to talk with Res library staff if you need more help finding resources.
Background Reading
Before you start marshalling your arguments, take the time to do some background reading on your topic. Look for a balanced overview that will give you a sense of the key issues and points of debate as well as some history on the topic. One of the most important reasons to do background reading is to help you find subject terms, names, and keywords that you can use when searching for further resources on your topic.
Some places to look for overviews: books (they will often use the term “overview” or “history” in the title or subtitle), any of the databases listed below, a general encyclopedia (depending on your topic), general news magazines like Time or Newsweek.
Evidence to Support Your Argument
There are different types of evidence that might support your argument:
- “facts” about your topic: for example, a description of the various methods of contraception
- statistics: demographic information (for example, the number of teens murdered by handguns in the U.S. each year), public opinion surveys (for example, the number of people who favor the death penalty), usage (for example, the number of 13-year-olds who admit having tried marijuana)
- research studies : for example, a study showing that breaking large high schools into smaller units reduces the dropout rate
- anecdotal evidence: this is usually one or more stories that highlight a specific individual or place but illustrate the larger issue or topic (for example, the story of an illegal immigrant who cannot get healthcare for her children)
Think about what kind of evidence will best support the various points you are raising. If you are having trouble finding sources for evidence, see the Res Library staff.
Citation Information
Collect the citation information for your bibliography as you do your research.
- Check your Writing Stylus and get an idea of the different information you will need for each type of resource: book, print article, article from an online database, website, video, etc.
- Several of the subscription databases have a feature that helps you format your citation for the article you are viewing.
- Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University is an excellent resource to consult (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/01/)
Books
Some series that present articles on various controversial topics are:
- Opposing Viewpoints
- Taking Sides
- Current Controversies
- Issues in Focus
- Social Issues Firsthand
- Issues on Trial
- Pro/Con
- The History of Issues
Most public libraries will have at least some of these. You can get others through InterLibrary Loan.
Use a library catalog to find books on your topic. Use the bibliographies in books and articles to find more resources. Use the call number of a good book to browse the shelves for more books.
In the Res library, books in the Opposing Viewpoints series can be found in REF 002 OPP and books in the Issues in Focus series can be found in REF 001 ISS. Also search the Res Library catalog.
Res Library Subscription Databases (See the blue sheets for user IDs and passwords)
- Reader’s Guide Full Text Select. This is a database of articles published in magazines. Once you login, click on the checkbox next to “Reader’s Guide.”
- Current Issues : Reference Shelf Plus. A database of full-text articles from key publications covering a variety of current social, scientific, health, political, and global issues. The editor-selected resources are designed to provide a well-rounded overview of the topic. Once you login, click on the checkbox next to “Current Issues: Ref Shelf Plus.”
- FACTS.com Issues & Controversies. A great resource for controversial issues as well as tracking current events. There are quick links to “Issues in the Headlines” on the right side of the main page.
- FACTS.com Today’s Science. Useful for science-related research as well as controversial topics related to science, medicine, and technology.
- CQ Researcher. Provides in-depth coverage of political and social issues, with regular reports on topics in health, international affairs, education, the environment, technology, and the U.S. economy. Once you login, choose “CQ Researcher Online.” The Pro/Con link on the left-side menu provides a list of topics to browse.
- Current Issues in Health. Offers specially selected resources on health topics. You can use the Search Box or drill down through a particular topic. Search results can be full-text or just the article citation. Once you login, click on the checkbox next to “Current Issues: Health.”
- Britannica Online. This online encyclopedia provides basic, introductory information and can be a good place for an overview of your topic.
- EBSCO Science Reference Center. Once you login, click on “EBSCOhost Research Databases” to get to the Science Reference Center. It includes chapters from books, reports, and articles from journals and magazines.
- FirstSearch is really a number of databases under one umbrella. You can search up to 3 databases at one time. Three general databases are WilsonSelectPlus, ArticleFirst, and ECO. Depending on your topic, you might want to also search MEDLINE (for health and medicine topics) and ERIC (for education-related topics). Once you login, click on the List All Databases link. To select a database to search, click in the checkbox to the left of the database name. Once you have selected your databases, click the Select button. Click on the Advanced Search link; this will give you more control of your search and better results. Click on the title of an article to get more information about that article; most article citations have at least an abstract or summary to help you get an idea of what the full article is about. Some articles have a link for View Full Text in HTML format and/or View Full Text in PDF format. You can click on those links and get the full text of the article. If you have an option, choose PDF. Some articles in your Results list will only have a link that says See more details for locating this item. If you think the article will be useful to you, print out the citation and bring it to the library and we will request a copy of the article from another library.
Web Resources
If you use web sites, you must absolutely know who the author is!
- Start with the Librarians’ Internet Index (http://www.lii.org)
- The Christian Science Monitor (http://www.csmonitor.com) is a newspaper with an excellent website. Use the Search box to find articles on a variety of topics.
- The Public Library of Law (http://www.plol.org) provides free access to selected U.S. legal materials. See your handout or library staff for the correct username and password.
- The Multnomah County Library Homework Center Social Issues page (http://www.multcolib.org/homework/sochc.html) has a good set of links on a variety of issues, but be warned that not all links are active.
- Hot Topics from the University of Louisville (http://library.louisville.edu/government/news/otherlinks/otherlinks.html) The links tend to be from government sources or centered on policy and legislation.
- FRONTLINE from PBS (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/) produces excellent television news documentaries on timely and controversial topics. Many of these programs are available on VHS or DVD through your local public library.
- The Internet Public Library Social Issues and Social Welfare Subject Guide (http://www.ipl.org/div/subject/browse/soc80.00.00) provides links to online resources in a number of categories.
- Browse the Res Library Web Resources page (http://www.reshs.org/snav/165/page.htm) for other good sites.
ROMAN NEWSCAST PROJECT November 13, 2008
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For students in Ms. Boe’s Honors World History classes, here are some ways to find good resources for your newscast segment.
THE RES LIBRARY OR YOUR LOCAL PUBLIC LIBRARY:
Do a Subject search in the library catalog for the following subject headings:
- Rome—Civilization
- Rome—History—Augustus, 30 B.C. – 14 A.D.
- Rome—History—Empire, 30 B.C. – 284 A.D.
- Rome—History—Empire, 30 B.C. – 476 A.D.
You can also browse the shelves at these call numbers. Don’t forget to look in the Reference section under the same call numbers.
- 937
- 930
- 938 (sometimes Roman history is combined in a book on Greek history)
You might also want to look at travel books on Italy and Rome. They usually have a section on history and will have some information on Roman times.
Use the Table of Contents and index of the books to find specific information.
WEB RESOURCES
Until November 30 we have access on a trial basis to the Daily Life Online : Daily Life Through History database by Greenwood Publishing. Go to: http://dailylife.greenwood.com. In the Quick Search box, enter either “Daily Life of Ancient Romans” (include the quotation marks) or “Daily Life in the Roman City” (again, include quotation marks). You will be asked to login when you try to click into an article in your Results list. The username and password is on the handout you received in the library.
Don’t forget Britannica Online (http://www.school.eb.com) for basic information. The Username and Password is on the blue sheets which are available in the library.
Another good place to start is the BBC’s pages on Ancient Roman history
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans)
Also try the Librarians’ Internet Index (http://www.lii.org) section on Italy and Rome. At the main page, choose “Arts & Humanities,” then “History,” then “History by Place,” then “Italy and Rome.”
The British Museum (http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/online_tours.aspx) has a number of online tours. Scroll down to the bottom of the right side column for the tour on Rome.
The University of Evansville sponsors a site called Exploring Ancient World Cultures (http://eawc.evansville.edu/www/ropage.htm) and they have an interesting set of links to other web sources that might be useful for you.
Rome : From Republic to Empire (http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/romanpages.html) is a site put together by a professor at the College of New Rochelle for a course she taught.
The Classics Unveiled site (http://www.classicsunveiled.com) has two sections that might be helpful: Rome Unleashed covers the political situation and Rome Exposed covers daily life.
Selected Resources on Roman Social History (http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/rome_social.html) has some good resources, but be warned that not all links are still active. The link for Recipes looked interesting.
The Nova Roma website (http://novaroma.org/) is sponsored by an organization “dedicated to the restoration of classical Roman religion, culture, and virtues.”
Aquae Urbis Romae : The Waters of the City of Rome (http://www.iath.virginia.edu/rome/) is sponsored by an affiliate of the University of Virginia.
The Roman Empire in the First Century (http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/) is a companion website to a PBS documentary series.
The Digital Roman Forum (http://dlib.etc.ucla.edu/projects/Forum/) is sponsored by the UCLA Cultural Virtual Reality Laboratory.
There are also 2 DVDs that might be useful if you are researching sports: Colosseum : A Gladiator’s Story (produced by the BBC) and The True Story of Gladiators (produce by the History Channel). Check your local public library system for either of these.
LITERARY CRITICISM November 8, 2008
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Here are some suggestions for students in American Lit, World Lit, and Brit Lit who are beginning their literary criticism research papers. Don’t hesitate to stop by the library if you need more help finding resources.
BACKGROUND READING
Background reading on your author can provide information on the author’s life, the publishing history of the book, literary terms associated with the author and his/her works (genre, literary movements, themes, style, etc.) and any adaptations of the work. Use Britannica Online or a print encyclopedia (find them in the Res Library at REF 031). If you use a print encyclopedia, look up your author in the index volume. That way you’ll find all of the references to your author in the entire set and you will have a greater understanding of their writing and their significance. If you use an online encyclopedia, read all of the entries that come up in the Results list, not just the first one.
Check if there is an entry for your author in American Writers (REF 810.9 AME) or British Writers (REF 820.9 BRI). These entries are a terrific introduction to your author so although they might be quite long, they are well worth the effort. If you print out the information on your novel or play from the Gale Literary Index, you will know exactly which volume to check.
REFERENCE BOOKS
There are several series of reference books you can consult, either in the Res Library or at your local public library. The printout from the Gale Literary Index will come in handy here once again, especially to find critical essays in Contemporary Literary Criticism, Nineteenth Century Literature Criticism, and Twentieth Century Literary Criticism.
- American Writers (REF 810.9 AME)
- British Writers (REF 820.9)
- Literature and Its Times (REF 809.93 LIT)
- World Literature and Its Times series (REF 809 MOS)
- Contemporary Literary Criticism (REF 809.3 CON)
- Twentieth Century Literary Criticism (REF 809.3 TWE)
- Great World Writersm : Twentieth Century (REF 809.04 GRE)
- Dictionary of Literary Biography
- Nineteenth Century Literature Criticism
Browse the 800s in the Reference section for other possible sources. Your public library has many more sets and series that will be useful, so don’t neglect a trip there.
CIRCULATING BOOKS
Depending on your author and title, you may find entire volumes of literary criticism devoted to that work. Or you may find books about your author containing a chapter or two about the particular work you are researching. The Subject Heading format for finding literary criticism about an author or about a particular work is as follows:
[author's last name, author's first name] — Criticism and interpretation
[author's last name author's first name]. [title of the work] — Criticism and interpretation
Use the Res Library catalog or your local public library catalog to search for books of literary criticism by selecting the Browse feature and entering a Subject search for the author’s name (last name, first name). The Browse features lists all of the Subject headings in a row and you can scroll down the list to see if there are Subject headings that match the formats shown above. Then click on that Subject heading to get the list of books. It sounds complicated but it’s really a quick way to find critical essays. If you need a demonstration, stop by the library. Here are the web addresses for some of the local public libraries:
- Chicago Public Library (http://www.chipublib.org)
- Niles Public Library (http://www.nileslibrary.org)
- Park Ridge Public Library (http://www.parkridgelibrary.org)
There are several series of books of literary criticism, either about all of the author’s works, or about a single work. There are even some books that focus on a specific literary character. Search for books edited by Harold Bloom or for books in the Twayne’s series, e.g. Twayne’s United States Authors, Twayne’s English Authors, Twayne’s World Authors, etc.
RES LIBRARY DATABASES
The Res Library subscribes to a number of databases and two of them will be of particular use to you in this research project. If you don’t have the usernames and passwords for these databases, stop by the library and pick up a blue sheet. We’d be happy to give you a little demonstration if you’re having trouble using either one of these databases.
- Gale Literature Resource Center (http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/reshs) contains biographical materials, literary criticism, and other material. At the Basic search screen, enter the title of the book you are researching and click the radio button for Name of Work, then click the Search button. The Topic & Work Overviews and Literature Criticism tabs will be the most helpful to you. Look at the right side of the Results list for more information to help you decide whether or not you want to look at the article. The Reviews & News tab can lead you to reviews of books of literary criticism about the author or the work. Then you can decide if it’s worthwhile to try and find that book.
- FirstSearch (http://firstsearch.oclc.org) is really a number of databases under one umbrella. You can search up to 3 databases at one time. For literary criticism, your best bets are WilsonSelectPlus, ECO, and ArticleFirst. Once you login, click on the List All Databases link. To select a database to search, click in the checkbox to the left of the database name. Once you have selected your databases, click the Select button. Click on the Advanced Search link; this will give you more control of your search and better results. In the first search box, put in the name of your author (last name, first name). From the drop-down menu to the right, select Subject because you want articles about your author, not articles written by that person. In the second search box, enter the title of the work you are researching and put the title in quotation marks. This will help narrow your search to articles that at least mention the particular book or play you are researching. You will (hopefully) get a list of “hits.” Click on the title of an article to get more information about that article; most article citations have at least an abstract or summary to help you get an idea of what the full article is about. Some articles have a link for View Full Text in HTML format and/or View Full Text in PDF format. You can click on those links and get the full text of the article. If you have an option, choose PDF. Some articles in your Results list will only have a link that says See more details for locating this item. If you think the article will be useful to you, print out the citation and bring it to the library and we will request a copy of the article from another library.
This is just a basic introduction to these two databases. If your class doesn’t come to the library for an introduction to finding critical essays, stop by the library on your own for some help. We are open from 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. on most days. And don’t forget to use the databases available through your local public library.
CITING YOUR SOURCES
Your Writing Stylus will help you follow the MLA format in citing your sources and creating your bibliography. The library has the latest edition of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (REF 808 GIB). In addition, here are two websites that can help:
- Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University is an excellent resource to consult (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/01/)
- Oregon School Library Information System provides a nice set of examples of MLA citations in a PDF document (http://old.oslis.org/docs/MLAcitexamprtnprt8-07.pdf).
So take a deep breath and get started! It’s going to be a great deal of work but it will also be a tremendous learning experience. Stop by the library when you need some help or even to just keep us posted on how it’s going.